Thursday 20 February 2014

The Second Papal Commission,1168-9

May 25th 1168, Benevento
Pope Alexander commissions two teams of monks to form two separate missions to effect a reconciliation between Becket and king Henry.

Each of these teams of monks were to bear three letters from the Pope for king Henry: one a letter of with their instructions and authorisation for the team, the second letter an admonitory [commonitory] one from the Pope to king Henry, the third a threatening [comminatory] one also from the Pope for king Henry; each was designed to be given in turn to Henry, in order to force the king to enter into discussion, and perhaps for him to come to some kind of acceptable agreement with Becket and the English Church.  The monks could use whichever letter they saw was necessary to achieve their purpose. These letters were dated 22nd May 1168.

1st Commission
Basileus, prior of La Grande Chartreuse
Anthelme de Chignin, the Carthusian bishop of Bailey

Anthelme was to have gone on the commission, but his health did not permit him to undertake the long journeys involved. It seems that team 1's work never got off the ground, and was disbanded. The Pope set up the second commission soon afterwards.

2nd Commission
Simon, Prior of Mont-Dieu [Chartreuse Notre-Dame du Mont-Dieu]
Bernard de Corilo [de la Coudre],  Prior of Grandmont [Grandmontine priory. The Bonshommes] They had been  founded by Louis VII, in 1164
and
Englebert, Prior of Val-St-Pierre [Chartreuse du Val Saint-Pierre]

Pope's Letter appointing the Priors of Montdieu, and le Val de St. Pierre to be his legates:
Chrisitian Lupus (1682). Epistolae et vita divi Thomae Cantuariensis. Volume 2. Liber IV Epistola 1: Henricus Friex. pp. 627–.
MTB 424  Volume 6 pp 438-40. Benvenuto May 25th 1168
James Craigie Robertson (2012). Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury Volume 6 Cambridge University Press. pp. 438–. ISBN 978-1-108-04930-6.

Letter Ad vestre discretionis dated 25th May orders Simon and Bernard to visit king Henry within two months if he was in his Continental lands, and to present first, the admonitory [commonitorias] letter, and then the comminatorias letter, unless the first commission had already delivered theirs.

The admonitory letter [ad regie sublimatitis MTB 404]
The threatening letter [Quam paterne MTB 423]


References

Court, household, and itinerary of King Henry II
R. W. Eyton (1878)

Saint Thomas (à Becket) (2000). The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 1-175. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-0-19-820892-1.

Saint Thomas (à Becket) (2000). The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 1-175. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-0-19-820892-1.

Michael Staunton (7 December 2001). The Lives of Thomas Becket. Manchester University Press. pp. 154–. ISBN 978-0-7190-5455-6.




Jean-Irénée Depéry (1829). Vie de Saint Anthelme, septième général des Chartreux et 46e évêque de Belley.... Impr. Bottier. pp. 68–.

Frank Barlow (1990). Thomas Becket. University of California Press. pp. 167–. ISBN 978-0-520-07175-9.

James Craigie Robertson (1859). Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. pp. 211–8.

John Foxe; George Townsend; Josiah Pratt (1870). The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, with a Life and Defence of the Martyrologist. G. Seeley. pp. 852–.


Webster, D.R. (1908). The Carthusian Order.  In The Catholic Encyclopedia.

Webster, D.R. (1909). Abbey and Order of Grandmont. In The Catholic Encyclopedia.

Hunter-Blair, O. (1907). Boni Homines.  In The Catholic Encyclopedia.



John Allen Giles (1846). The Life and Letters of Thomas À Becket: Now First Gathered from the Contemporary Historians. Giles Letter 79: Whittaker and Company. pp. 161–.
John Allen Giles (1846). The Life and Letters of Thomas À Becket: Now First Gathered from the Contemporary Historians. Giles Letter 80: Whittaker and Company. pp. 164–.
John Allen Giles (1846). The Life and Letters of Thomas À Becket: Now First Gathered from the Contemporary Historians. Giles Letter 77: Whittaker and Company. pp. 139–.

Roger (of Wendover); Matthew Paris; John Allen Giles (1841). "Letter Quam Paterne Pope Alexander III to King Henry II"Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History: Comprising the History of England from the Descent of the Saxons to A.D. 1235; Formerly Ascribed to Matthew Paris. H. G. Bohn. pp. 329–.

Roger of Hoveden. "Letter Quam paterne"Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 255–. ISBN 978-1-108-04881-1.

A Regiae Sublimitatis Epistola 404 MTB
Christian de Wulf (1728). Opera omnia studio F. Thom. Phil. Ravennatensis. Albritius. pp. 296–.


James Craigie Robertson. "MTB Letter 424 Ad vestrae discretionis"Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Cambridge University Press. pp. 463–. ISBN 978-1-108-04930-6.

"excellentie tue nuntios" MTB 395
Saint Thomas (à Becket) (2000). The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 1-175. Oxford University Press. pp. 764–. ISBN 978-0-19-820892-1.

Epistola 423 [MTB] Quam paterne p.437

Epistola 424 [MTB] Ad vestrae discretionis p. 438
Saint Thomas (à Becket); John Allen Giles (1846). Epistolae Sancti Thomae Cantuariensis. Apud Whittaker et socios. pp. 113–.


MTB 414 Ad discretionis tuae  p. 421

MTB 460 Quanto personam p. 503

MTB 464 Juxta mandatum 516
James Craigie Robertson. Materials for the History of Thomas Becket,  Cambridge University Press. pp. 516–. ISBN 978-1-108-04930-6.
Saint Thomas (à Becket); John Allen Giles (1846). Epistolae Sancti Thomae Cantuariensis. Apud Whittaker et socios. pp. 177–.

MTB 465 Desiderio desideravimus 518

Michel-Jean-Joseph Brial (1813). Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France: Rerum gallicarum et francicarum scriptores. Imprimerie impériale puis royale. pp. 329–43.

Le thème de Thomas Becket dans Becket ou l'honneur de Dieu de J. Anouilh, et Meurtre dans la cathédrale, de T. S. Eliot

Guy, John (5 April 2012). Thomas Becket: Warrior, Priest, Rebel, Victim: A 900-Year-Old Story Retold. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 340–. ISBN 978-0-14-193328-3.


Barrau, J. Jean de Salisbury, intermédiaire entre Thomas Becket et la cour capétienne1?
10.1484/M.HIFA-EB.3.624

Roger of Hoveden (1868). Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene. Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. pp. 255–.

Walter Farquhar Hook (1862). Lives of the archbishops of Canterbury. R. Bentley. pp. 463–.

Die Rolle Alexanders III. im Becket-Konflikt

Christianus Lupus (O.E.S.A); Thomas Becket; Alexander paus III (paus); Louis VII (koning van Frankrijk), Henry (koning van Engeland) (1682). Epistolae et vita Divi Thomae Martyris et Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis, nec non epistolae Alexandri III. Pontificis, Galliae Regis Ludovici Septimi, Angliae Regis Henrici II. aliarumque plurium sublimium ex utroque foro personarum .... typis Eug. Henrici Fricx. pp. 627–.

Richard Hurrell Froude; James Bowling Mozley (1839). Remains of the Late Reverend Richard Hurrell Froude: v. 2. History or the contest between Thomas à Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and Henry II, king of England, chiefly consisting of translations of contemporary letters. J. G. & F. Rivington. pp. 338–.



Richard Hurrell Froude; James Bowling Mozley (1839). "Chapter XIV: The Suspension of the Archbishop"Remains of the Late Reverend Richard Hurrell Froude: v. 2. History or the contest between Thomas à Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and Henry II, king of England, chiefly consisting of translations of contemporary letters. J. G. & F. Rivington. pp. 333–.

Richard Hurrell Froude; James Bowling Mozley (1839). "Chapter XV: Conferences at Montmirail"Remains of the Late Reverend Richard Hurrell Froude: v. 2. History or the contest between Thomas à Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and Henry II, king of England, chiefly consisting of translations of contemporary letters. J. G. & F. Rivington. pp. 365–.

Baron George Lyttelton Lyttelton (1769). The history of the life of King Henry the Second Printed for J. Dodsley. pp. 223–57.

Wednesday 19 February 2014

Vivian and Gratian, Papal Legates, 1169

References


James Craigie Robertson (15 November 2012). Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Cambridge University Press. pp. 537–9. ISBN 978-1-108-04930-6.
Letter 746 (MTB) 28th Feb 1169 Pope in a letter to King Henry tells him that he has appointed a new mission comprising Vivian and Gratian to assist in negotiating a peace between Henry and Becket.

Michael Staunton (2001). The Lives of Thomas Becket. Manchester University Press. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-0-7190-5455-6.

Rev R.W. Eyton (1878) Court, household, and itinerary of King Henry II. Taylor, London pp. 121-32.
Frances Andrews; Brenda M. Bolton; Christoph Egger; Constance M. Rousseau (1 January 2004). Pope, church, and city [electronic resource]: essays in honour of Brenda M. Bolton. BRILL. pp. 195–. ISBN 90-04-14019-0.

ST.THOMAS OF CANTERBURY History-of-the-Popes - ALEXANDER-III

Christian Lupus (1682). "A Legatione Gratiani et Viviani"Epistolae et vita divi Thomae Cantuariensis..  Liber III. Henricus Friex. pp. 483–.

Saint Thomas (à Becket) (2000).The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 1-175. Volume 1Oxford University Press. pp. 55–. ISBN 978-0-19-820892-1.

Saint Thomas (à Becket) (2000). The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 176-329. Volume II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820893-8.
(See letters 227 [MTB 560], 228 [MTB 561], 237 [Giles 358], 241a & 241b [MTB 603], 242 [MTB 604], 243 [MTB 606] and 244 [MTB 610].)
Michael Staunton (7 December 2001). The Lives of Thomas Becket. Manchester University Press. pp. 166–. ISBN 978-0-7190-5455-6.

Frank Barlow (1990) Thomas Becket. University of California Press. pp. 167–.ISBN 978-0-520-07175-9.

Richard Barber (2003). Henry Plantagenet. Boydell Press. pp. 137–. ISBN 978-0-85115-993-5.

Richard Barber (2003). Henry Plantagenet. Boydell Press. pp. 146–. ISBN 978-0-85115-993-5.

Paul Rapin de Thoyras; Whatley (1727). Acta Regia. J. Darby. pp. 351–.

John Allen Giles (1846).The Life and Letters of Thomas À Becket. Whittaker and Company. pp. 209–.

Herbert (of Bosham) (1845). Herberti de Boseham S. Thomæ Cantuariensis clerici a secretis opera quæ extant omnia: Vita S. Thomæ. 28. Qualiter Rex et Archipraesul Tertio ...: apud J.H. Parker. pp. 279–84.

Thomas Greenwood (1865). "The Legation of Vivian and Gratian and its Failure"Cathedra Petri: Books I & II. From the first to the close of the fifth century. Thickbroom Brothers. pp. 249–51.

A new Becket Letter: Sepe quidem cogimur
Anne J. Duggan
Historical Research, Volume 63, Issue 150, pages 86–99, February 1990.

Frances Andrews; Brenda M. Bolton; Christoph Egger (2004). "Anne J. Duggen: Thomas Becket's Italian Network"Pope, church, and city [electronic resource]: essays in honour of Brenda M. Bolton. BRILL. pp. 177–200. ISBN 90-04-14019-0.

The Beginnings of Legal Studies at Oxford
Leonard E. Boyle
Viator, Volume 14 1983 pp.107-132

Alan Watson (1991). Roman Law & Comparative Law. University of Georgia Press. pp. 89–. ISBN 978-0-8203-1261-3.

"Letter 204: Pope Alexander to Thomas Becket, archbishop, 10th May 1169"The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 176-329. Oxford University Press. pp. 889–. ISBN 978-0-19-820893-8.

Saint Thomas (à Becket); John Allen Giles (1846). Epistolae Sancti Thomae Cantuariensis. Apud Whittaker et socios. Volume 1
https://archive.org/details/epistolsanctith00beckgoog

Augustin Thierry. History of the Conquest of England by the Normans: Its Causes, and Its Consequences, in England, Scotland, Ireland, and on the Continent. Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-1-108-03024-3.


Alban Butler (1813). The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints, Volume 12 . J. Murphy. pp. 375–.
 
Saint Thomas (à Becket); John Allen Giles (1846). Epistolae Sancti Thomae Cantuariensis. Apud Whittaker et socios. pp. 277–.

Monday 17 February 2014

Settlement of Fréteval, July 22nd 1170

"Why is the archbishop kept out of the country"

Richard Hurrell Froude; James Bowling Mozley (1839). Remains of the Late Reverend Richard Hurrell Froude: v. 2. J. G. & F. Rivington. pp. 497–.

 "One of the archbishop's historians, however (says that writer), writing some time after these events, and when information had come out to throw light upon them, gives an easy explanation of the whole conference:—' The king (says Fitzstephen) had the question put to him by some one, either in a letter or in a conversation— "Why is the archbishop kept out of the country? He will be far better in than out?" The hint was given to one who understood it. The king forthwith arranged a conference to treat of a peace, and there conceded everything which before he had refused. But first (the passage goes on) he caused his son to be crowned with dispatch, on account of a certain result which might possibly take place; so that if a crime were committed, the kingdom could not be punished on his account, seeing he would no longer be king of it." (Froude, p. 497)

MTB Volume III William FitzStephen 
https://archive.org/stream/materialsforhist03robe#page/106/mode/1up
Dictum fuit aliquem dixisse vel scripsisse regi Anglorum de archiepiscopo "Ut quid tenetur exclusus? melius tenebitur inclusus quam exclusus;" satisque fuit intelligenti. Unde et rex ad colloqum de pace festinavit, et ibi omnia prius negata, quae ab eo petebantur, concessit.

According to William fitzStephen one of the king's courtiers remarked to
the king, 'Why do you persist in keeping the archbishop abroad ? It would be
better to have him in England than out of it'. This consideration seems to have
carried some weight with Henry.

An Annotated Translation of the Life of St. Thomas Becket (Part Two)
p. 41
by William Fitzstephen trans. Mary Aelred Sinclair 
(1944)
Loyola University Chicago
http://ecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1368&context=luc_theses

The mastermind behind this settlement at Fréteval and also the Compromise at Avranches some years later after Becket's martyrdom was probably Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux. He was thanked by neither party for his efforts.

Carolyn Poling Schriber (1990). The dilemma of Arnulf of Lisieux: new ideas versus old ideals. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35097-8. p. 106

Carolyn Poling Schriber (1988). Arnulf of Lisieux: The Dilemmas of a Twelfth-century Norman Bishop. University of Colorado.


References

[Entrevue de Fréteval]








Le château de Fréteval

Anne J. Duggan (2000). The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-1170: Letters 176-329. Volume 2. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820893-8. pp 1261-79
CTB 300  Becket to Pope Alexander III
After July 22nd 1170

Robertson, James Craigie. Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Vol. 7. 1885
MTB 684 Becket to Pope Alexander III
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50324t/f347.image
Translation:  Richard Hurrell Froude (1839). Remains. Letter Becket to the Pope. pp. 503–.

Baron George Lyttelton Lyttelton (1769). The history of the life of King Henry the Second  Printed for J. Dodsley. pp. 509–.

Richard Hurrell Froude (1839). Remains. Chapter XX: Accommodation at Freitville. pp. 494–.

James J. Spigelman (2004). Becket & Henry: The Becket Lectures. James Spigelman. pp. 213–219. ISBN 978-0-646-43477-3.

James Craigie Robertson (1859). Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. pp. 241–7.

Hutton (1899) Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury


Hutton (1910) Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury
James Craigie Robertson (1859). Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. pp. 241–7

Maurice Demimuid (1873). Jean de Salisbury. E. Thorin. pp. 238–.

Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes. Librairie Droz. 1843. pp. 234–.

Le Roux de Lincy (1843). La vie et la mort de Saint Thomas de Cantorbery. Didot. pp. 25–.

Egbert Türk (1976). NUGAE CURIALIUM: LE REGNE D'HENRI II. Librairie Droz. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-2-600-03378-7.

Michael Staunton (7 December 2001). The Lives of Thomas Becket. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5455-6. 172-6
42. The Settlement at Freteval and its aftermath (July-November 1170) 174




Wilfred Lewis Warren (1978). King John. University of California Press. pp. 111–. ISBN 978-0-520-03494-5.



Anne Duggan ( 2004). Thomas Becket. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 978-0-340-74137-5.
A hollow peace: Freteval and after

David Charles Douglas; George William Greenaway (1996). "146: Herbert Boseham - The Reconciliation between Henry II and Becket"English Historical Documents, 1042-1189. Psychology Press. pp. 886–7. ISBN 978-0-415-14367-7.

Frank Barlow (1990). Thomas Becket. University of California Press. pp. 313–. ISBN 978-0-520-07175-9.

Wilfred Lewis Warren (1973). Henry II. University of California Press. pp. 111–. ISBN 978-0-520-02282-9.

James Craigie Robertson (2012). Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury Volume III. Cambridge University Press. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-1-108-04927-6.

Edward Foss (1870). Biographia Juridica The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-1-886363-86-1.

 Keith Sidwell (1995). Reading Medieval Latin. Cambridge University Press. pp. 312–. ISBN 978-0-521-44747-8.


MTB volume 7 p. 326 Epistola 684
Becket to Pope Alexander


Herbert of Bosham

Patres ecclesiae anglicanae : Aldhelmus, Beda, Bonifacius, Arcuionus, Lanfrancus, Anselmus, Thomas Cantuariensis. Herbert of Bosham Life of St. Thomas Book 5: J.-H. Parker. 1845. pp. 303–.
Tomi Quinti: Capitula 1. De pace inter regem et archipraesulem reformata

Materials iii p. 465
James Craigie Robertson; Joseph Brigstocke Sheppard (1965). Materials for the history of Thomas Becket: archbishop of Canterbury (canonized by Pope Alexander III., A. D. 1173). Volume 3. Longman & Company. p. 465.

David Charles Douglas; George William Greenaway (1996). English Historical Documents, 1042-1189. EHD 146: Psychology Press. pp. 886–. ISBN 978-0-415-14367-7.

Pearse, Irene T., "An Annotated Translation of the Life of St. Thomas Becket--Books 5-7" (1944). Master's Theses. Paper 684.
Book 5: Chapter 1. Reconciliation between the King and the Archbishop

1. Reconciliation between the King and the Archbishop

The king, therefore, agreed on a reconciliation when he
saw that the situation was very definitely critical. Thus,
when summoned, we came to that meeting of the kings which was
to take place in the near future. When the conference of the
kings had come to a close on the third day and that Christian
King of the French was on the point of departure, the question
of our reconciliation was the center of discussion on the Continent.
It was carried on by prominent intercessors to whom
the Lord King of France on his departure had entrusted us with
the negotiation of peace terms. He himself could not attend
nor did he wish to. But why expatia\e? Peace was renewed ther
The Archbishop did not request the kiss of peace at this time
which (as I mentioned) was demanded but had been refused. previously
at another conference, neither did the king offer or
refuse it. Although no mention was made of the kiss of peace,
the king publicly, in the presence of a vast assemblage of prelates
and nobles, granted peace and security to the Archbishop
and his relatives in their rights, their usurped chattels and
other movable and immovable possessions. This time that type
of peace was observed and agreed upon which we mentioned above
with reference to the other conference of the kings where our
of our reconciliation was the center of discussion on the Continent.
It was carried on by prominent intercessors to whom
the Lord King of France on his departure had entrusted us with
the negotiation of peace terms. He himself could not attend
nor did he wish to. But why expatiate? Peace was renewed ther
The Archbishop did not request the kiss of peace at this time
which (as I mentioned) was demanded but had been refused. previously
at another conference, neither did the king offer or
refuse it. Although no mention was made of the kiss of peace,
the king publicly, in the presence of a vast assemblage of prelates
and nobles, granted peace and security to the Archbishop
and his relatives in their rights, their usurped chattels and
other movable and immovable possessions. This time that type
of peace was observed and agreed upon which we mentioned above
with reference to the other conference of the kings where our
reconciliation was sealed except for the kiss of peace which
was refused. Now the brave Champion of Christ, anxious for
peace, fearless of death, without demanding the kiss of peace
lest, perhaps, an obstacle be put in the way of peace, advisedly
and prudently accepted that peace as it was offered. Captivated
by the love of peace and all fear of death set aside,
he accepted that peace. It was this love or peace with all
fear of death set aside, a love rather than a brave death that
had sent him forth out of his country. The reconciliation was
effected on the Feast of Mary Magdalen near the site where
the kings' interview had occurred the previous day, evidently
on the borders of Chartres and Le Mans between two castles, one
of which is called Viefui, and the other Freteval. There on
a very beautiful meadow, peace was made, a meadow, as we long
after learned, which was called "Traitors' Meadow" by the inhabitants.
And, indeed, our peace was exactly that.


Thómas Saga Erkibyskups A Life of Archbishop Thomas Becket vol. I p. 461.


Tour de Fréteval